When we think about a country, one of the first things that comes to mind is its capital city—a place where the government, parliament, and main offices are usually located. Capitals often serve as the political, cultural, and economic heart of a nation. However, not every country follows this common rule, and there exists one unusual nation that does not have an officially declared capital city.

Country without a Capital

Most countries have a capital city where the government and parliament function, but Nauru, a tiny island nation in the Pacific Ocean, is different. It is the only country in the world without an official capital city. Instead, all government offices are located in Yaren District, which acts as the administrative center.

Nauru, A Country Without a Capital

The country in question is Nauru, a tiny island nation in the Pacific Ocean.

• It covers only 21 square kilometers, making it the third-smallest country in the world by area.

• Its population is just about 12,000 people, ranking it as the second-smallest country by population.

Unlike most countries, Nauru never named any city or district as its official capital. Instead, the government operates from Yaren District, which serves as the administrative center but has never been legally declared the capital.

Why Doesn’t Nauru Have a Capital?

There are a few simple reasons:

• Very small size: Nauru is so small that dividing it into towns or cities is unnecessary. Instead, it is organized into districts. Since everything is nearby, a single “capital” city isn’t needed.

• Convenience of Yaren: Most government buildings—like the parliament house, presidential office, and courts—are located in Yaren District. Its location near the airport and central facilities makes it practical for administration.

• Historical uniqueness: Earlier known as “Pleasant Island”, Nauru has always had a strong sense of individuality. Choosing not to have a capital city is part of its unique identity.

How does the Government Work in Nauru?

Even without a formal capital, Nauru runs smoothly.

• Yaren District acts as the working capital where all official duties take place.

• International organizations, maps, and embassies also recognize Yaren as the de facto capital.

• For all practical purposes, Yaren functions as the center of governance.

Are there Other Countries Like This?

Some other small countries have unusual capital arrangements, but they are not the same as Nauru:

• South Africa has three capitals for different functions.

• Bolivia has two capitals—Sucre (constitutional) and La Paz (administrative).

• Switzerland uses Bern as a “federal city,” not an official capital.

• Vatican City and Monaco are city-states, where the entire country is the capital itself.

Among all, only Nauru stands out as the world’s only nation with no official capital.