‘The Second Coming’ হল উইলিয়াম বাটলার ইয়েটসের লেখা একটি ভবিষ্যদ্বাণীমূলক কবিতা, যা WBCHSE উচ্চ মাধ্যমিক প্রথম সেমিস্টার (HS 1st Semester Class 11 English) পাঠ্যক্রমের অন্তর্ভুক্ত। প্রথমে কবিতাটির সারাংশ বা মূলভাব তারপরে MCQ প্রশ্ন তোমাদের জন্য রইল।

এই কবিতাটি প্রথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধের (1914-1918) পরবর্তী সময়ের বিশৃঙ্খলা ও ধ্বংসকে তুলে ধরে। ইয়েটস বিশ্বাস করতেন যে ইতিহাস একটি চক্রের মধ্য দিয়ে চলে, এবং বর্তমান সভ্যতার পতনের পর একটি নতুন, কিন্তু ভয়ঙ্কর সময় আসতে চলেছে।

Summary of ‘The Second Coming’ by W.B. Yeats

Poet: William Butler Yeats
Theme: Chaos, the decline of civilization, and the prophecy of a new, terrifying era
Form: Free verse with apocalyptic imagery

The Second Coming 

Line-by-Line Meaning in Bengali

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Turning and turning in the widening gyre

বড়ো এবং বড়ো হতে থাকা এক ঘূর্ণির মধ্যে ঘুরতে ঘুরতে

The falcon cannot hear the falconer;

বাজপাখি তার প্রশিক্ষকের কথা শুনতে পাচ্ছে না;

Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold;

সবকিছু ভেঙে পড়ছে; কেন্দ্রীয় নিয়ন্ত্রণ আর বজায় রাখা সম্ভব নয়;

Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world,

বিশুদ্ধ বিশৃঙ্খলা বিশ্বজুড়ে ছড়িয়ে পড়েছে,

The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere

রক্তে ঢেকে যাওয়া জোয়ার উঠে আসছে, এবং সর্বত্র

The ceremony of innocence is drowned;

নির্দোষতার প্রতীকসমূহ ধ্বংস হয়ে যাচ্ছে;

The best lack all conviction, while the worst

সৎ ও জ্ঞানীরা আত্মবিশ্বাস হারিয়েছে, কিন্তু সবচেয়ে খারাপ লোকেরা

Are full of passionate intensity.

চরম উন্মত্ততায় ভরপুর হয়ে উঠেছে।

Surely some revelation is at hand;

নিশ্চয়ই কিছু গুরুত্বপূর্ণ প্রকাশ আসন্ন;

Surely the Second Coming is at hand.

নিশ্চয়ই দ্বিতীয় আগমন (The Second Coming) আসন্ন।

The Second Coming! Hardly are those words out “

দ্বিতীয় আগমন!”—এই শব্দটি উচ্চারণ মাত্রই

When a vast image out of Spiritus Mundi Spiritus Mundi

(বিশ্বাত্মা)-র গভীর থেকে এক বিশাল আকৃতি উঠে আসে

Troubles my sight: somewhere in sands of the desert

যা আমার দৃষ্টিতে আতঙ্ক সৃষ্টি করে: মরুভূমির বালুর মধ্যে কোথাও

A shape with lion body and the head of a man,

একটি আকৃতি দাঁড়িয়ে আছে, যার শরীর সিংহের এবং মাথা মানুষের,

A gaze blank and pitiless as the sun,

যার দৃষ্টি শূন্য ও নির্মম, সূর্যের মতো কঠোর,

Is moving its slow thighs, while all about it

যা ধীরে ধীরে তার থাই (পায়ের উপরের অংশ) নড়াচড়া করছে, এবং তার চারপাশে

Reel shadows of the indignant desert birds.

ক্রুদ্ধ মরুভূমির পাখিরা ছায়ার মতো ঘুরপাক খাচ্ছে।

The darkness drops again; but now I know

অন্ধকার আবার নেমে আসে; কিন্তু এখন আমি জানি

That twenty centuries of stony sleep

বিশ শতাব্দীর কঠোর ঘুম

Were vexed to nightmare by a rocking cradle,

এক দোলনার দোলায় এক ভয়াবহ দুঃস্বপ্নে পরিণত হয়েছে,

And what rough beast, its hour come round at last,

এবং কোন ভয়ঙ্কর জন্তু, যার সময় অবশেষে এসে গেছে,

Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born?

সে কি এলোমেলোভাবে বেথলেহেমের দিকে এগিয়ে যাচ্ছে জন্ম নেওয়ার জন্য?

 

‘The Second Coming’ is a powerful and prophetic poem by W.B. Yeats, written in 1919, after World War I. The poem reflects the chaos and destruction of the time, predicting the end of the current civilization and the rise of a new, possibly terrifying, era.

Yeats describes a world where order has collapsed, violence is widespread, and moral values are lost. He uses the metaphor of a falcon flying beyond the reach of its falconer, symbolizing that humanity has lost control over itself. He also introduces the idea of the Second Coming, but instead of a hopeful return of Christ, Yeats imagines the arrival of a monstrous new force.

At the end of the poem, a ‘rough beast’ with a lion’s body and a human head slowly moves toward Bethlehem, signaling the birth of a new, dark era. The poem leaves readers with a sense of fear and uncertainty about the future.

কবিতার সহজ অর্থ

(Summary in Bengali)

‘The Second Coming’ কবিতায় ইয়েটস একটি বিশৃঙ্খল পৃথিবীর ছবি এঁকেছেন, যেখানে নৈতিকতা, নিয়ন্ত্রণ ও সামঞ্জস্য ধ্বংসপ্রাপ্ত হয়েছে।

প্রথম স্তবকে, কবি একটি বাজপাখি ও বাজপাখির মালিকের উপমা ব্যবহার করেছেন। এটি বোঝায় যে মানবসভ্যতা তার নিয়ন্ত্রণ হারিয়েছে, চারদিকে হিংসা ও অরাজকতা ছড়িয়ে পড়েছে। তিনি বলেন, “Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold”, অর্থাৎ পৃথিবীর স্থিতিশীলতা নষ্ট হয়ে গেছে, এবং নিয়ন্ত্রণ আর সম্ভব নয়।

দ্বিতীয় স্তবকে, ইয়েটস ‘The Second Coming’ বা দ্বিতীয় আবির্ভাবের কথা বলেন। তবে এটি যীশু খ্রিস্টের পুনরাগমন নয়, বরং একটি রহস্যময়, অজানা, এবং ভয়ঙ্কর শক্তির আবির্ভাব। কবি দেখেন, একটি দৈত্যাকার প্রাণী, যার শরীর সিংহের এবং মাথা মানুষের, ধীরে ধীরে বেথলেহেমের দিকে অগ্রসর হচ্ছে। এটি বোঝায় যে একটি নতুন যুগ আসছে, যা বর্তমান সভ্যতার চেয়েও ভয়াবহ হতে পারে।

কবিতার মাধ্যমে ইয়েটস আমাদের জানাতে চান যে ইতিহাসের চক্র বারবার পরিবর্তিত হয়, এবং বর্তমান সভ্যতার পতনের পর একটি নতুন, কিন্তু সম্ভবত ভয়ঙ্কর কিছু অপেক্ষা করছে। এই কবিতা বিশ্বের সামাজিক-রাজনৈতিক পরিবর্তনের প্রতীক, যা আজও প্রাসঙ্গিক।

The Second Coming 

MCQ Questions Class 11 1st Semester English

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MCQ Question Answer on “The Second Coming” by W. B. Yeats

1. In what year was “The Second Coming” first published in a magazine?
a) 1916
b) 1919
c) 1921
d) 1923
Answer: b) 1919

 

2. Which magazine first published “The Second Coming”?
a) The Egoist
b) The Atlantic Monthly
c) Poetry
d) The Dial
Answer: d) The Dial

 

3. In what year was “The Second Coming” included in a collection of Yeats’s poems?
a) 1917
b) 1921
c) 1925
d) 1928
Answer: b) 1921

 

4. What is the title of the collection in which “The Second Coming” was first published?
a) Michael Robartes and the Dancer
b) The Tower
c) Collected Poems
d) A Vision
Answer: a) Michael Robartes and the Dancer

 

5. The imagery and themes in “The Second Coming” are influenced by which of the following?
a) Irish mythology
b) Christian apocalyptic literature
c) Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

 

6. Where was W. B. Yeats living when he wrote “The Second Coming”?
a) Ireland
b) England
c) France
d) Italy
Answer: b) England

 

7. The historical context of “The Second Coming” includes which of the following events?
a) World War 1
b) The Russian Revolution
c) The Irish Easter Rising
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

 

8. The poem’s apocalyptic vision reflects the general mood of which historical period?
a) The Victorian era
b) The Edwardian era
c) The Interwar period
d) The post-World War II era
Answer: c) The Interwar period

 

9. What image does the poet use to represent a deteriorating order?
a) A falconer and falcon
b) A widening gyre
c) A blood-dimmed tide
d) A ceremony of innocence
Answer: b) A widening gyre

 

10. What does the “falcon cannot hear the falconer” symbolize?
a) A lost connection
b) A rebellious spirit
c) A lack of control
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

 

11. What does the phrase “Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold” suggest?
a) A stable society
b) A collapsing order
c) A strong leadership
d) A peaceful world
Answer: b) A collapsing order

 

12. What does the “blood-dimmed tide” symbolize?
a) Violence and chaos
b) A cleansing force
c) A peaceful revolution
d) A natural disaster
Answer: a) Violence and chaos

 

13. What is the meaning of “the ceremony of innocence”?
a) A religious ritual
b) A childlike purity
c) A social custom
d) A political system
Answer: b) A childlike purity

 

14. What quality is attributed to the “best”?
a) Passion
b) Conviction
c) Intensity
d) Power
Answer: c) Intensity

 

15. What quality is attributed to the “worst”?
a) Indifference
b) Wisdom
c) Passionate intensity
d) Compassion
Answer: c) Passionate intensity

 

16. The image of the “widening gyre” suggests:
a) A spiral into chaos
b) A steady progress
c) A return to order
d) A peaceful resolution
Answer: a) A spiral into chaos

 

17. The phrase “mere anarchy is loosed upon the world” implies:
a) A controlled situation
b) A lawless state
c) A peaceful protest
d) A strong government
Answer: b) A lawless state

 

18. The contrast between the “best” and the “worst” emphasizes:
a) The balance of power
b) The decline of society
c) The importance of leadership
d) The hope for the future
Answer: b) The decline of society

 

19. The phrase “Surely some revelation is at hand” suggests:
a) A hopeful prophecy
b) An inevitable disaster
c) A political shift
d) A scientific breakthrough
Answer: a) A hopeful prophecy

 

20. What is “Spiritus Mundi” in the poem?
a) A historical event
b) A political movement
c) A mystical collective consciousness
d) A mythological creature
Answer: c) A mystical collective consciousness

 

21. How is the creature described in terms of its physical appearance?
a) Human-like
b) Beast-like
c) A combination of human and animal
d) Abstract and undefined
Answer: c) A combination of human and animal

 

22. What is the dominant image associated with the creature’s eyes?
a) Compassion
b) Mercy
c) Indifference
d) Anger
Answer: c) Indifference

 

23. How is the creature’s movement described?
a) Swift and graceful
b) Slow and deliberate
c) Erratic and unpredictable
d) Powerful and energetic
Answer: b) Slow and deliberate

 

24. What surrounds the creature in the desert?
a) Calm and peaceful atmosphere
b) Ominous and threatening clouds
c) Disturbed and agitated birds
d) Lush vegetation
Answer: c) Disturbed and agitated birds

 

25. The phrase “slouches towards Bethlehem to be born” implies:
a) A peaceful second coming
b) A monstrous arrival
c) A joyous occasion
d) A return to order
Answer: b) A monstrous arrival

 

26. The overall atmosphere created in these lines is one of:
(a) Hope and optimism
(b) Peace and tranquility
(c) Dread and anticipation
(d) Joy and celebration
Answer: (c) Dread and anticipation

 

27. The creature’s gaze is compared to:
(a) The moon
(b) The stars
(c) The sun
(d) A fire
Answer: (c) The sun

 

28. The creature’s movement is described as:
(a) Running
(b) Jumping
(c) Crawling
(d) Walking
Answer: (d) Walking

 

29. The word “indignant” suggests the birds are:
(a) Angry
(b) Scared
(c) Confused
(d) Happy
Answer: (a) Angry

 

30. The image of the desert suggests:
(a) Fertility and abundance
(b) Isolation and barrenness
(c) Peace and tranquility
(d) Joy and celebration
Answer: (b) Isolation and barrenness

 

31. The poem’s tone can be described as:
(a) Optimistic
(b) Hopeful
(c) Apocalyptic
(d) Joyful
Answer: (c) Apocalyptic

 

32. The creature’s appearance is most likely symbolic of:
(a) A new age
(b) A destructive force
(c) A spiritual leader
(d) A benevolent god
Answer: (b) A destructive force

 

33. The “Spiritus Mundi” can be interpreted as:
(a) The human mind
(b) The collective unconscious
(c) The natural world
(d) A specific religion
Answer: (b) The collective unconscious

 

34. The image of the creature moving slowly suggests:
(a) Weakness
(b) Inevitability
(c) Stealth
(d) Patience
Answer: (b) Inevitability

 

35. The birds’ reaction can be seen as a foreshadowing of:
(a) Peace and harmony
(b) Chaos and upheaval
(c) Spiritual enlightenment
(d) Personal growth
Answer: (b) Chaos and upheaval

 

36. The poem’s overall atmosphere can be linked to:
(a) A time of peace and prosperity
(b) A period of social and political stability
(c) An era of uncertainty and fear
(d) A time of great spiritual awakening
Answer: (c) An era of uncertainty and fear

 

37. The creature’s blank gaze can be interpreted as:
(a) Empathy
(b) Understanding
(c) Indifference
(d) Compassion
Answer: (c) Indifference

 

38. The word “reel” implies that the birds are:
(a) Dancing
(b) Flying in formation
(c) Losing balance
(d) Singing
Answer: (c) Losing balance

 

39. The desert setting can be seen as a metaphor for:
(a) A fertile land
(b) A wasteland
(c) A peaceful place
(d) A prosperous society
Answer: (b) A wasteland

 

40. The creature’s lion body symbolizes:
(a) Power and strength
(b) Wisdom and knowledge
(c) Peace and tranquility
(d) Love and compassion
Answer: (a) Power and strength

 

41. The creature’s human head symbolizes:
(a) Instinct and emotion
(b) Reason and intelligence
(c) Spirituality and divinity
(d) Physical strength
Answer: (b) Reason and intelligence

 

42. The poet uses the phrase “Turning and turning in the widening gyre” to symbolize:
(a) Stability in life
(b) The chaotic nature of history
(c) The peaceful cycle of time
(d) A journey towards enlightenment
Answer: (b) The chaotic nature of history

43. The falcon and falconer imagery suggests:
(a) A balanced relationship
(b) Control and discipline
(c) Loss of order and control
(d) Spiritual enlightenment
Answer: (c) Loss of order and control

 

44. The phrase “the centre cannot hold” implies:
(a) Unity and strength
(b) A coming disaster
(c) Stability and peace
(d) Growth and development
Answer: (b) A coming disaster

 

45. What does the phrase “mere anarchy is loosed upon the world” indicate?
(a) Peace is spreading
(b) War and destruction
(c) The beginning of a new civilization
(d) Religious harmony
Answer: (b) War and destruction

 

46. The “blood-dimmed tide” is a metaphor for:
(a) A peaceful revolution
(b) War and violence
(c) A cleansing flood
(d) A religious revival
Answer: (b) War and violence

 

47. The phrase “ceremony of innocence is drowned” suggests:
(a) The destruction of moral values
(b) The celebration of purity
(c) The rebirth of civilization
(d) The protection of traditions
Answer: (a) The destruction of moral values

 

48. The line “The best lack all conviction, while the worst are full of passionate intensity” suggests:
(a) Good people are hesitant, while bad people are aggressive
(b) Society is improving with time
(c) The poet admires strong leadership
(d) Intelligence and wisdom always triumph
Answer: (a) Good people are hesitant, while bad people are aggressive

 

49. The poem suggests that the Second Coming represents:
(a) The return of peace and prosperity
(b) A new terrifying reality
(c) A joyful religious event
(d) The rebirth of civilization
Answer: (b) A new terrifying reality

 

50. The phrase “What rough beast, its hour come round at last” suggests:
(a) The arrival of a savior
(b) The emergence of a new chaotic force
(c) The return of an old civilization
(d) The continuation of peaceful traditions
Answer: (b) The emergence of a new chaotic force

 

51. The word “slouches” in the last line implies:
(a) Dignity and pride
(b) Strength and confidence
(c) Indifference and menace
(d) Elegance and beauty
Answer: (c) Indifference and menace

 

52. “Bethlehem” in the last line is significant because:
(a) It represents the birthplace of Christ
(b) It symbolizes destruction
(c) It is a reference to Greek mythology
(d) It has no historical significance
Answer: (a) It represents the birthplace of Christ

 

53. The theme of “The Second Coming” revolves around:
(a) The decline of civilization and rise of chaos
(b) The triumph of good over evil
(c) The beauty of nature
(d) The progress of science
Answer: (a) The decline of civilization and rise of chaos

 

54. The poem depicts a world in a state of chaos and disorder.

ANS-True

 

The falcon is able to follow the commands of the falconer.

ANS-False

 

The speaker believes that a new era of innocence is dawning.

ANS-False

 

The speaker is filled with optimism about the future.

ANS-False

55. The image of a lion-headed man is a symbol of peace and harmony.

ANS-False

The speaker believes that the world has been in a state of slumber for centuries.

ANS-True

The creature approaching Bethlehem is described as gentle and benign.

ANS-False

The poem suggests a cyclical nature of history.

ANS-True

 

56. There is a sense of impending doom throughout the poem.

ANS-True,

The speaker is confident about the identity of the “rough beast.”

ANS-False

The “Spiritus Mundi” is a source of inspiration for the speaker.

ANS-True,

The desert is depicted as a place of peace and tranquility.

ANS-False

 

57. The “blood-dimmed tide” symbolizes violence and bloodshed.

ANS-True

The best people in society are characterized by their strong convictions.

ANS-False

The worst people in society are passionate and driven.

ANS-True,

The speaker is certain that the Second Coming will bring salvation.

ANS-False

Assertion & Reasoning Type MCQ

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58. Assertion (A): The world is in a state of chaos and disorder.
Reasoning (R): The falcon cannot hear its trainer, symbolizing a breakdown in order.
a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true, but R is false.
d) A is false, but R is true.

 

59. Assertion (A): There is a stark contrast between the good and the evil in society.
Reasoning (R): The best lack conviction while the worst are full of passionate intensity.
a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true, but R is false.
d) A is false, but R is true.

 

60. Assertion (A): The poet anticipates a major upheaval or transformation.
Reasoning (R): The imagery of the Second Coming suggests a cataclysmic event.
a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true, but R is false.
d) A is false, but R is true.

 

61. Assertion (A): The poet feels a sense of impending doom.
Reasoning (R): The image of the darkness dropping again reinforces the idea of despair.
a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true, but R is false.
d) A is false, but R is true.

 

62. Assertion (A): The world is experiencing a spiritual crisis.
Reasoning (R): The “ceremony of innocence” is drowned, suggesting a loss of purity.
a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true, but R is false.
d) A is false, but R is true.

 

63. Assertion (A): The poet is fascinated by the concept of rebirth or renewal.
Reasoning (R): The image of a rocking cradle suggests a new beginning.

a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A. 
c) A is true, but R is false.
d) A is false, but R is true.

 

64. Assertion (A): The world is experiencing a decline in moral values.
Reasoning (R): The best lack conviction while the worst are full of passionate intensity.
a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true, but R is false.
d) A is false, but R is true.

 

65. Assertion (A): The poet is filled with a sense of foreboding.
Reasoning (R): The image of the beast slouching towards Bethlehem creates a sense of dread.
a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true, but R is false.
d) A is false, but R is true.

 

‘The Second Coming’

Summary, MCQ Question Answer (WBCHSE 1st Semester)

 

‘The Second Coming’ কবিতাটি WBCHSE উচ্চ মাধ্যমিক প্রথম সেমিস্টার (HS 1st Semester Class 11 English)  পরীক্ষার জন্য গুরুত্বপূর্ণ।

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